What Is Constipation?

Constipation is a common medical condition characterized by infrequent or difficult bowel movements. If you’re constipated, you may have fewer bowel movements than usual and experience difficulty or discomfort when trying to have one. Medically, constipation is typically defined as having fewer than three bowel movements per week, though normal frequency can vary widely between individuals.

While constipation is rarely a sign of a serious underlying health condition, it can be uncomfortable and disruptive. In some cases, it may require medical attention, especially if symptoms persist or worsen.

Constipation is one of the most frequently reported gastrointestinal issues. If you or a loved one is experiencing difficulties with bowel movements, Baptist Health’s gastroenterology care team is here to help.

Constipation Symptoms

• Infrequent bowel movements (fewer than three per week)
• Lumpy, dry, or hard stools
• Difficulty passing stools
• Abdominal discomfort or cramping
• Nausea or bloating
• A sensation of incomplete bowel emptying

Causes of Constipation

Constipation often occurs when stool moves too slowly through the digestive tract, causing the colon to absorb more water from it. This results in dry, hard stools that are difficult to pass. Contributing factors may be related to diet, lifestyle, medications, or underlying health conditions.

Dietary Factors

• Inadequate water intake (dehydration)
• Low-fiber diet
• High intake of dairy products

Lifestyle Factors

• Lack of physical activity
• Elevated stress levels
• Disruptions in routine, such as travel or work schedule changes
• Irregular sleep habits

Medication-Related Causes

Certain medications can slow digestion and contribute to constipation, including:

• Antacids containing calcium or aluminum
• Over-the-counter pain relievers (e.g., ibuprofen, naproxen)
• Narcotic pain medications
• Antinausea medications
• Antiseizure drugs
• Antidepressants or other psychiatric medications
• Some antihistamines
• Hypertension medications (e.g., beta blockers, calcium-channel blockers)
• Iron supplements or multivitamins containing iron

Underlying Medical Conditions

Health conditions that may increase the likelihood of constipation include:

• Pregnancy
• Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
• Diverticulitis
• Intestinal obstructions or anatomical defects
• Weak pelvic floor muscles
• Colorectal cancer
• Diabetes
• Neurological disorders (e.g., Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis)
• Systemic conditions such as lupus or scleroderma

Diagnosis of Constipation

Diagnosing constipation typically begins with a visit to your primary care provider. Your doctor will review your symptoms, take a medical history, and perform a physical exam. You may be asked about your diet, hydration habits, and activity levels. A rectal exam may be performed to check for blockage.

Depending on your case, your provider may order additional tests, such as:

• Blood or urine tests
• Stool sample analysis
• Abdominal imaging (CT or MRI)
• Colonoscopy
• Colorectal transit study

Treatment of Constipation

Many cases of constipation can be managed through simple lifestyle and dietary changes:

• Increase your water intake and limit dehydrating beverages like caffeine and alcohol.
• Eat more fiber-rich foods such as fruits, vegetables, legumes, and whole grains.
• Reduce intake of highly processed carbohydrates.
• Keep a food journal to identify potential dietary triggers.
• Stay physically active and avoid prolonged periods of inactivity.
• Consider over-the-counter fiber supplements (e.g., psyllium) or stool softeners when needed.
• Use laxatives cautiously and only under medical supervision.

In more severe or persistent cases, your doctor may prescribe medication, such as linaclotide (Linzess®), lubiprostone (Amitiza®), or plecanatide (Trulance®). Rarely, surgical intervention may be necessary if a structural issue, such as a bowel obstruction or anal fissure, is identified.

Prevention and Management

Preventing constipation often involves the same steps as treatment:

• Drink sufficient water throughout the day.
• Follow a fiber-rich, well-balanced diet.
• Maintain a consistent exercise routine.

In some cases, magnesium supplements may be helpful, but always consult your doctor before starting any new supplement.

When to Consult a Doctor?

You should contact your healthcare provider if constipation is accompanied by:

• Unexplained weight loss
• Persistent abdominal pain
• Rectal bleeding or blood in the stool
• Changes in stool color, shape, or odor
• Symptoms lasting longer than three weeks
• Difficulty with daily activities due to symptoms

Why Choose Baptist Health?

Constipation can be a frustrating and uncomfortable condition, but it is also manageable with the right care. Baptist Health offers expert evaluation and treatment of digestive health issues for patients across Kentucky and Southern Indiana. If you’re experiencing ongoing or severe constipation, our team is here to support your health and well-being.

Call to schedule a consultation with one of our Baptist Health providers today.

Frequently Asked Questions

What Is the Best Thing for Constipation?

Constipation is often managed effectively through lifestyle changes. These may include increasing water intake, improving your diet with more fiber, engaging in regular physical activity, and establishing consistent bathroom habits.

What Does Severe Constipation Feel Like?

Severe constipation may include symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, straining during bowel movements, and a persistent feeling of incomplete evacuation.

Why Am I Suddenly Constipated All the Time?

New or sudden constipation may result from changes in diet, lifestyle, stress, or medications. If symptoms persist, it's important to consult your doctor to rule out underlying health conditions.

What Drinks Help with Constipation?

Water is the most effective drink for relieving constipation. Some people also find relief from prune juice, aloe vera juice, or certain herbal teas. Coffee may stimulate bowel movements but can contribute to dehydration and should be used sparingly.

How Do You Tell If It’s Constipation or a Blockage?

Constipation typically involves infrequent but possible bowel movements. A complete blockage prevents any passage of stool or gas and may be accompanied by severe abdominal pain, nausea, or vomiting. A suspected blockage requires immediate medical attention.